Counseling Indviduals and Companies of all International Backgrounds with Immigration Matters to Living and Working in the United States

Family Based Immigration
Two groups of family based immigrant visa categories, including immediate relatives and family preference categories, are provided under the provisions of United States immigration law, specifically the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

Immediate Relative Immigrant Visas (Unlimited): These visa types are based on a close family relationship with a United States (U.S.) citizen described as an Immediate Relative (IR). The number of immigrants in these categories is not limited each fiscal year. Immediate relative visa types include:

  • IR-1: Spouse of a U.S. Citizen.
  • IR-2: Unmarried Child Under 21 Years of Age of a U.S. Citizen.
  • IR-3: Orphan adopted abroad by a U.S. Citizen Learn More.
  • IR-4: Orphan to be adopted in the U.S. by a U.S. citizen Learn More.
  • IR-5: Parent of a U.S. Citizen who is at least 21 years old.


Family Preference Immigrant Visas (Limited): These visa types are for specific, more distant, family relationships with a U.S. citizen and some specified relationships with a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR). There are fiscal year numerical limitations on family preference immigrants. The family preference categories are:

  • Family First Preference (F1): Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens, and their minor children, if any.
  • Family Second Preference (F2): Spouses, minor children, and unmarried sons and daughters (age 21 and over) of LPRs. At least seventy-seven percent of all visas available for this category will go to the spouses and children; the remainder is allocated to unmarried sons and daughters.
  • Family Third Preference (F3): Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens, and their spouses and children.
  • Family Fourth Preference (F4): Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens, and their spouses and minor children, provided the U.S. citizens are at least 21 years of age.


Note: Grandparents, aunts, uncles, in-laws and cousins cannot sponsor a relative for immigration.

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